How to Develop Adaptive Routing Projects Using NS3

To develop an Adaptive routing in NS3 simulator, we have to modify the packets’ path dynamically according to the network scenarios like congestion, link failures, delay, or energy consumption. Although NS3 offers inherent support for adaptive routing protocols such as AODV, OLSR, and DSDV, we need to execute a custom adaptive routing mechanism. Below is a step-by-step process on how to develop such project:

Steps to Develop an Adaptive Routing Project in NS3

  1. Install and Setup NS3

We begin by installing NS3 on the system:

git clone cd ns-3-dev

./ns3 configure –enable-examples –enable-tests

./ns3 build

  1. Define Network Topology

Adaptive routing is frequently utilised for dynamic and mobile networks.

Example: Create a Dynamic Topology

NodeContainer nodes;

nodes.Create(10);  // Create 10 nodes

Add Mobility for Adaptive Routing

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”);

mobility.Install(nodes);

  1. Setup Network Devices and Channels

WifiHelper wifi;

wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211n);

WifiMacHelper mac;

mac.SetType(“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);

YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy;

wifiPhy.SetChannel(wifiChannel.Create());

NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install(wifiPhy, mac, nodes);

  1. Assign IP Addresses

InternetStackHelper stack;

stack.Install(nodes);

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

  1. Implement Adaptive Routing

Execute the adaptive routing protocols that can respond to network modifications such as congestion or link failure. We will utilize:

(A) Use Built-in Adaptive Protocols

  • OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing)
  • DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector)
  • AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)

Example: Use AODV

AodvHelper aodv;

Ipv4RoutingHelper routing;

routing.SetDefaultRoute(nodes);

(B) Implement a Custom Adaptive Routing Algorithm

Prolong the Ipv4RoutingProtocol for generating the custom adaptive routing algorithm:

class AdaptiveRoutingProtocol : public Ipv4RoutingProtocol {

public:

void RoutePacket(Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Address destination) {

if (DetectCongestion()) {

ReroutePacket(packet, destination);

} else {

DefaultRoute(packet, destination);

}

}

};

How to Implement Adaptive Features

  • Congestion-aware Routing: After identifying the congestion, we can observe the queue length and switch routes.
  • Energy-aware Routing: Decide on the paths including high residual energy.
  • Failure-aware Routing: Dynamically identify broken connections and redirect packets.
  1. Setup Applications (Traffic)

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);

ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install(nodes.Get(9));

serverApps.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress(9), 9);

echoClient.SetAttribute (“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue (5));

echoClient.SetAttribute (“Interval”, TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute (“PacketSize”, UintegerValue (512));

ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install(nodes.Get(0));

clientApps.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApps.Stop(Seconds(10.0));

  1. Enable Tracing for Debugging

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;

wifi.EnableAsciiAll(ascii.CreateFileStream(“adaptive-routing.tr”));

wifi.EnablePcapAll(“adaptive-routing”);

  1. Run the Simulation

After that, we have to execute the simulation using

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

  1. Analyze Results

Envision the simulation outcomes using NS3 logs and NetAnim:

./waf –run adaptive-routing

netanim

  1. Extend with Advanced Features
  • AI-based Adaptive Routing: Apply machine learning algorithm to forecast the congestion.
  • QoS-aware Routing: Depends on the QoS metrics such as delay, jitter, and bandwidth, we will choose the paths.
  • Energy-aware Routing: Enhance the paths, which are leveraged for battery life.

In conclusion, we provided a structured and step-by-step approach that can help you to effectively develop the Adaptive Routing Projects and adjust the path of packets as well as examine the outcomes using NS3 simulator, with more detailed content we can be shared.